Geographical Differences in the Self-Reported Functional Impairment of People with HIV and Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk

Post Date: 
2022-09-30
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Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Disease
Summary: 

Background
We sought to explore multinational differences in functional status by global burden of disease (GBD) regions in the REPRIEVE cohort.

Methods
REPRIEVE is a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III primary cardiovascular prevention study of pitavastatin calcium vs placebo among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) ages 40–75 on antiretroviral therapy (ART). GBD super regions were defined using World Health Organization classifications. Participants were categorized by impairment on the Duke Activity Status Instrument (DASI: none, some, moderate, severe). Logistic regression models examined risk factors and GBD regions associated with functional impairment. The association between functional impairment and cardiometabolic risk was also explored.

Results
Of 7736 participants, the majority were from high-income countries (n = 4065), were male (65%), and had received ART for ≥ 10 years. The median DASI score was 58.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 50.2, 58.2); 36% reported at least some impairment. In adjusted analyses, functional impairment was significantly more frequent among participants from Southeast/East Asia. Other factors associated with greater impairment included female sex, Black race, older age, current/former smoking, higher body mass index, use of ART for ≥ 10 years, and select ART regimens; differences were seen in risks across GBD regions. Functional impairment was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk.

Conclusions
Over 1/3 of middle-aged and older PWH in a global cohort across diverse GBD regions demonstrate functional impairments. The associations between DASI and cardiometabolic risk suggest that a measure of functional status may improve risk prediction; these longitudinal associations will be further investigated over REPRIEVE trial follow-up.

Citation: 
Erlandson KM, Fitch KV, McCallum SA, Ribaudo HJ, Overton ET, Zanni MV, Bloomfield GS, Brown TT, Fichtenbaum CJ, Bares S, Aberg JA, Douglas PS, Fulda ES, Santana-Bagur JL, Castro JG, Moran LE, Mave V, Supparatpinyo K, Ponatshego PL, Schechter M, Grinspoon SK. Geographical Differences in the Self-Reported Functional Impairment of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Associations With Cardiometabolic Risk. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 30;75(7):1154-1163. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac098. PMID: 35165682; PMCID: PMC9525090.